Relevance in Tort or Negligence Cases Free Essay Example, 1500 words

Any advice from a professional, even if not express or formal or written, is binding even if there is a proviso of non-accountability. The characteristic of that relationship which is not express or formal or written may be denominated as a special in that it is not in the regular or a standard form. As a matter of course, one that is not ordinary is special. In professional ethics, it does not matter whether the relationship is either. In the instant case and according to its underlying circumstances, however, you are not liable. Why? Because your advice did not guarantee success in any given situation which was, as a matter of fact, subject to unpredictable variances and that if the client took it as a wagering decision, she did so at her own risk. In contrast, an engineer who advises this and that specification in a building which later on collapses out of a minor tremor can be liable. Why? Because in the latter example, the advised specification is presumed to mean that the buil ding could withstand ordinary quakes. We will write a custom essay sample on Relevance in Tort or Negligence Cases or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

The Black Cat By Edgar Allan Poe - 1243 Words

Too much alcohol is getting consumed. He is losing his mental control and is on a rampage. The â€Å"Demon Alcohol† has taken over him, he needs help. Can someone help him? In his short story, â€Å"The Black Cat,† Edgar Allan Poe states the nameless narrator is in a prison cell, retelling his story of his struggles from the abuse of alcoholism, perverseness, and animal cruelty. He was married to his beautiful wife and had a variety of pet animals. The narrator starts to talk about his beloved black cat, Pluto, and how he believes it’s evil and the reason for his crazy actions. He came home drunk one day assuming his cat was avoiding him. He tried to grab his cat, but with fear, the cat nipped at his hand. The violent situation caused the narrator†¦show more content†¦In the short story, the narrator’s true emotions and feeling were still within him and was filled with regrets. The narrator stated â€Å"So I felt hurt because the creature who o nce loved me now clearly dislikes me† (par. 21). The narrator couldn’t hide his true emotions and his old feelings were starting to haunt him. It explains that the narrator s old feelings of his beloved cat’s death came back through the spirit of perverseness. The usage of symbolism symbolizes the narrator’s feeling coming through a spirit of perverseness. Symbolism does symbolize the true meaning of one’s words, but it could turn out to become something you wouldn’t expect. Next, the author uses irony to demonstrate how perverseness can make you do things which you wouldn’t expect. The actions opposite from what is expected or what appears to be and what it actually is, when Poe associates how irony can make you do things which you are not aware of. In his story, the narrator was again drunk, filled with rage and was ready to kill whoever got in his way. He started to go insane when â€Å"Her interference drove me into an evil rage. I jerked my arms from her grasp and buried the axe in her brain† (par. 59). The narrator had no hesitation or thoughts with his murder after his wife’s interference which drove him to be outraged. He knew killing his wife with an axe in her brain was an unforgivable crime, but did it anyways, revealing that he allowed hisShow MoreRelatedThe Black Cat By Edgar Allan Poe1117 Words   |  5 Pages Edgar Allan Poe’s narrator in â€Å"The Black Cat† describes himself as a lover of animals and a man with a kind heart. But he uses his animals and alcoholism as an excuse for his perverse behavior. However, Poe drops hints though out the narrative to tell a different story. His violence towards animals tells the story of an irrational man who weeps while hanging his cat. Therefore, Poe employs the narrator to show the human tendency to use scapegoats to shift blame for the wrong thing we do. The narratorRead MoreThe Black Cat By Edgar Allan Poe885 Words   |  4 Pagesobserve. An example of these observation and hands on applications would be Edgar Allan Poe, a writer and a poet, whom would be absolutely intrigued in these behaviors. His unique interpretation of the human mind could be seen in â€Å"The Black Cat.† In this short story Edgar Allan Poe embeds himself as the protagonist who are mere victims of the complexities of the mind known as revenge, anger, and perversity. â€Å"The Black Cat† shows the vital side effects of the mind recognized as revenge, anger, andRead MoreThe Black Cat By Edgar Allan Poe1778 Words   |  8 Pagesmonster up within the tomb† (Poe 32). This is the ending of Edgar Allan Poe’s short story â€Å"The Black Cat.† This story is one of the many famous short stories Poe has written in his life time. However, this story, in particular, captivities the horror and frightening works of his display. Having his personal history and short story at hand, will help his audience to understand some of his guilty pleasures. In this Critical Analysis Essay, the composition of â€Å"The Black Cat† will be revealed by connectingRead MoreThe Black Cat, By Edgar Allan Poe1240 Words   |  5 PagesLiterature, D.H. Lawrence condemns Americans for dodging their true selves by means of intellectualization and idealization. Both Edgar Allan Poe’s short story â€Å"The Black Cat† and Nathaniel Ha wthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† feature allegorical representations of characters deceiving themselves in order to deny the darker aspects of their inner selves. In Poe’s â€Å"The Black Cat,† the narrator denies the darker aspects of his soul by abstracting his horrific actions with spectral evidence in order to externalizeRead MoreThe Black Cat By Edgar Allan Poe Essay917 Words   |  4 Pagesreality.† - Edgar Allan Poe Edgar Allan Poe is known for his dark and thought-provoking horror stories. In particular, The Black Cat does just that. The story focuses on the rationalizations of the horrific actions of the narrator. A black cat is introduced to pounce down on the rationalization of the narrator’s actions. Edgar Allan Poe also constructs a story where the main basis of the narrator’s decisions are ethical egoism and the principles of conscience. Poe constructs the black cat as the conscienceRead MoreThe Black Cat, By Edgar Allan Poe1900 Words   |  8 Pagesportion of his life writing these kind of stories. Edgar Allan Poe was influenced by his own life experiences, social normalities of the early 19th century, and used literary devices to write horrific works such as The Black Cat, The Raven, and Berenice. Edgar Allan Poe wrote the short story The Black Cat in 1843. The story starts out fairly normal, but very quickly spirals into a horrendous chain of events. The narrator of the story has a cat that he adaores at first, but then he grows irritatedRead MoreThe Black Cat By Edgar Allan Poe Essay1503 Words   |  7 PagesThe Black Cat Gothic Analysis In Edgar Allan Poe’s short story â€Å"The Black Cat† (1843), Poe creates a gothic narrative that exceeds the suspicions of the audiences predeterminations. Throughout the entirety of his piece Poe creates a scene that continuously leaves his readers wondering what was happening next. Suspicion being a key factor in gothic tales is only one strategy Poe used to illuminate the story of an unnamed psychopath and his attempts to either clear his conscious or set the recordRead MoreThe Black Cat, By Edgar Allan Poe871 Words   |  4 Pages Edgar Allan Poe is a world famous author who writes suspenseful/thriller story that keeps everyone interested. Three of his stories that we have read is â€Å"The Black Cat,† â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart,† â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado†. The five questions that will be discussed is how/why does Poe have his narrator plan the murder of his victim, what is the narrators reason for killing his victim, how does the narrator dispose of the body, does the narrator know the difference between right and wrong, and finallyRead MoreThe Black Cat, By Edgar Allan Poe1202 Words   |  5 PagesEdgar Allan Poe is prominent for his literacy style of horror and mystery, in which he had written an innumerable number of short stories and poems in his lifetime. Evidently, many of his writings like, â€Å"The Black Cat,† â€Å"William Wilson,† and â€Å"The Raven,† share the same style, as their protagonists’ demonstrated a paucity of reliability. Readers often become engaged with how the main character of each text showed their rivulet of tales that seem to be quite fictitious. Available evidence suggestsRead MoreThe Black Cat By Edgar Allan Poe1142 Words   |  5 Pagescharacter survives eight shots to the torso, all happy endings. Edgar Allan Poe isn’t like that. Most of his characters are dark and insane. They have one last shred of sanity then they refuse to keep it and then they end up going insane, much like the characters in The Black Cat, The Raven, and A Tell-Tale Heart. All three the men reach insanity. In The Black Cat a man expresses his passion over all animals. He has a gorgeous black cat named Pluto,his prized possession. Years later this man has a

Biocentric Ethics Analysis free essay sample

Inherent and intrinsic value both refer to the value that is within the item or organism, it has value in and of itself; the value within the item or organism is â€Å"independent of the interests, needs, or uses of anyone else† (DesJardins, 2013, p. 113). Inherent value refers to the value that is found or recognized within the item or organism; whether spiritual, moral, aesthetic, symbolic, or it is of cultural importance. An organism or an item that has inherent or intrinsic value offers something of value other than as an instrument; for example, relationships with friends and family, the Bald Eagle as the official bird of the United States has inherent value for its great strength, majestic beauty, and long life. Within each item or organism the value stems from when it means or stands for, as opposed to what it is not or how it is used. Life itself, whether a microscopic organism, animal, insect, or plant all have inherent and intrinsic value; simply because it exists. Scientists have tampered been tampering with the basic genetics of food for many years, cross-breeding, taking the most desirable of traits and merging them together, creating a new flavor or breed; for example, the Gala apple is a combination of the Golden Delicious apple and the Kid’s Orange-Red apple. This combining of traits has traditionally been used to combine same species; however, with the advances in biotechnology, scientists are able to engineer different species so that they can share the same genetic material. The process of sharing the same genetic material within different organisms creates a â€Å"genetically modified organism† or GMO; this is commonly done within the food industry, creating seeds and plants that are resistant to pesticides, certain insects, and enable to plant to grow in unfavorable conditions. Currently, within the United States, â€Å" 40% of the corn, 50% of the cotton and 45% of soybean acres planted in 1999 have been genetically modified, and at least 60% of food products in US supermarkets contain genetically modified organisms (GMOs)† (Trends, 2002, p. 215). The positive aspects of GMOs is that it allows plants to be grown in environments that may not normally allow for the plant to grow. Food is less expensive as farming of the crop is easier; this beneficial on both a local and global scale. Furthermore, GMOs have been developed to add greater nutrition to the organism. The downside or concerns about GMOs is that there have been no studies that have tracked the long-term effects that GMOs may have on human consumption. Researchers concerns include health risks such as; antibiotic resistance, exposure to allergens, reproductive disorders, endocrine disruption, and accelerated aging. The FDS does not view or treat GMOs any differently than traditionally grown crops; companies that use GMOs may choose to voluntarily go there a safety consultation without any additional testing required (Kantor, 2013). The scientists behind GMOs believe that it is important to provide â€Å"food security†. Food security is about having sufficient physical, social, and economic access to safe, nutritious, and culturally acceptable food at the household level, without having to resort to emergency supplies† (Witcombe and Sanchez, 2004, p. 300). In countries such parts of Eastern and Central Africa the African cassava mosaic virus is transmitted by the whiteflies that feed on the cassava plants. Epidemics of the virus can lead to total loss of harvests. Through the use of GMOs, a cassava plant can be developed that are able to resist the virus. Currently the only way to curb the virus is through the use of insecticide, which kills the whiteflies; such treatment can be expensive and a health hazard to the farmer, and the surrounding plants and animals. Possible challenges with the use of GMOs is the question of the emphasis on noninterference by humans; to interfere with nature or to let nature take its course. There is no simple answer as to whether humans should interfere with nature. Humans have been interfering with nature since the dawn of time; cutting down trees and clearing land, damming rivers, crossbreeding animals and plants, along with immunizations and medications. The use of GMOs to create a secure food supply may initially pose some risks to humans, animals, and plants but, as with all progress, eventually the process will be perfected and the world may reap the reward of the technology. Another question is whether inherent value is only within the individual organism and the question of whether humans have a duty to the ecosystem, nonliving objects, and all species. Humans have yet to learn the valuable lesson that what affects one organism affects the entire ecosystem. Introduce an organism into an ecosystem to which it does not belong and the entire ecosystem is disrupted; such as the zebra mussel into the Great Lakes, the native clams have been almost eradicated. Whether society accepts or likes the idea of its food being altered by biochemistry, there may be no choice in the matter; GMO altered food is here to stay and it is only spreading. Those members of society who do not wish to partake of food enhanced by GMOs will need to pay the price that comes with organic foods free of GMOs. The lasting effects of GMO grown foods is yet to be clearly defined and society may not know for several generations; by then it may be too late to reverse the effects. Companies, like Monsanto, have been accused of playing God; but the reality is that man has been playing God long before Monsanto entered the picture. Man has been playing God within the medical arena for ages, through the invention of airplanes that took man into the skies, and rockets into space with each step those who did not understand the vision laughed and stated it was outrageous; genetically modified organisms is just another step toward human advancement that society will eventually understand and accept.

We Should Use Tax Money to Enforce Mandatory Drug Treatments on Drug

Introduction The use of tax money to enforce mandatory treatment has attracted mixed reactions across the globe. Often, people look at this issue from different perspectives based on their social, economic or religion aspects. Proponents of this debate argue that just like terrorism, robbery and burglary among other crimes are fought using the tax money; drug menace is also a menace that should be treated with some serious concern since the drug abuse and consequent addition lead to criminal activities in the society.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on We Should Use Tax Money to Enforce Mandatory Drug Treatments on Drug specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The proponents also emphasize that those who are already addicted to crime have the tendency of engaging in criminal activities, perhaps to find a way of escaping the reality. Therefore, treating the addicts is a way of stopping them from engaging in crime, thus spend ing money on such is a noble course that is worth taking. In relation to the above, drug addiction is responsible for the occurrence of some of the most costly problems in America. These include, but not limited to chronic illnesses, spread of HIV/AIDS virus, domestic violence and homelessness. This particular aspect makes the proponents of using money to fight drugs justified because it is less costly to prevent than to cure. The amount of money spent on illegal drugs is also very high. Indeed, it is so high that at times it surpasses the government expenditure on the basic necessities. For example, in 1998 alone the number of drug addicts in America spent more than 67 billion dollars to acquire those illegal drugs, which was higher than the amount spent to finance the public higher education (King Mauer, 2002). Therefore, such statistics are used by the proponents to advance their arguments that if such large amounts of money were used to finance public universities and colleges, then the institutions could have been able to accommodate twice as many students as they did. The federal government also uses a lot of money to fight the drug cartels and smuggling of drugs in America. However, this heavy expenditure can be reduced if the government embarks on a massive campaign to treat the drug addicts. This would help in reducing the demand that makes America is not a potential market for the illegal drugs. Therefore, many joint forces are involved in fighting the drug cartels, which is a risky and costly venture. As it still stands, it would be cheaper and less risky to treat any drug addict than to spend the same tax money to fight the drug cartels.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Considering the negative effects of drugs on human health it is a worthy course of action to spend money to treat the drug addicts. For instance, drug and substance abuse such a s smoking tobacco affect the lungs. Consequently, one suffers deadly diseases such as lung cancer that is not easy to manage and treat. This has forced the government to put in place very strict laws and heavy taxes on tobacco manufacturers. It is not even permitted to smoke in public places since this spreads the infection. Therefore, we should use tax money to treat such addict so that the spread of the disease can be stopped in the long term. Conclusion In sum, it is agreeable that the significance of using tax payers’ money to fund the mandatory treatment of drug addicts is a necessary and worthy course. Though, the government spends a lot of money on it, it helps many people; it is more efficient and cost effective in the long term. Therefore, the government should be at liberty to spend money on this worthy course of action that would benefit many people and cut down on its expenditures in the long term. Reference King, R. S., Mauer, M. (2002). Distorted Priorities: Dr ug Offenders in State Prison. The Sentencing Project. Retrieved from https://www.sentencingproject.org/publications/distorted-priorities-drug-offenders-in-state-prisons/ This essay on We Should Use Tax Money to Enforce Mandatory Drug Treatments on Drug was written and submitted by user Emmett Noble to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

10 Important Events in the History of Latin America

10 Important Events in the History of Latin America Latin America has been always shaped by events as much as by people and leaders. In the long and turbulent history of the region, there were wars, assassinations, conquests, rebellions, crackdowns, and massacres. Which was the most important? These ten were selected based on international importance and effect on the population. It is impossible to rank them on importance, so they are listed in chronological order. 1. Papal Bull Inter Caetera and the Treaty of Tordesillas (1493–1494) Many people do not know that when Christopher Columbus discovered the Americas, they already legally belonged to Portugal. According to previous papal bulls of the 15th century, Portugal held claim to any and all undiscovered lands west of a certain longitude. After Columbus return, both Spain and Portugal laid claims to the new lands, forcing the pope to sort things out. Pope Alexander VI issued the bull Inter Caetera in 1493, declaring that Spain owned all new lands west of a line 100 leagues (about 300 miles) from the Cape Verde Islands. Portugal, not pleased with the verdict, pressed the issue and the two nations ratified the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494, which established the line at 370 leagues from the islands. This treaty essentially ceded Brazil to the Portuguese while keeping the rest of the New World for Spain, therefore laying the framework for the modern demographics of Latin America. 2. The Conquest of the Aztec and Inca Empires (1519–1533) After the New World was discovered, Spain soon realized that it was an incredibly valuable resource that should be pacified and colonized. Only two things stood in their way: the mighty Empires of the Aztecs in Mexico and the Incas in Peru, who would have to be defeated in order to establish rule over the newly-discovered lands. Ruthless conquistadores under the command of Hernn Cortà ©s in Mexico and Francisco Pizarro in Peru accomplished just that, paving the way for centuries of Spanish rule and enslavement and marginalization of New World natives. 3.  Independence from Spain and Portugal (1806–1898) Using the Napoleonic invasion of Spain as an excuse, most of Latin America declared independence from Spain in 1810. By 1825, Mexico, Central  America, and South America were free, soon to be followed by Brazil. Spanish rule in the Americas ended in 1898 when they lost their final colonies to the United States following the Spanish-American War. With Spain and Portugal out of the picture, the young American republics were free to find their own way, a process that was always difficult and often bloody. 4.  The Mexican-American War (1846–1848) Still smarting from the loss of Texas a decade before, Mexico went to war with the United States in 1846 after a series of skirmishes on the border. The Americans invaded Mexico on two fronts and captured Mexico City in May of 1848. As devastating as the war was for Mexico, the peace was worse. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ceded California, Nevada, Utah, and parts of Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, and Wyoming to the United States in exchange for $15 million and forgiveness of about $3 million more in debts. 5. The War of the Triple Alliance (1864–1870) The most devastating war ever fought in South America, the War of the Triple Alliance pitted Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil against Paraguay. When Uruguay was attacked by Brazil and Argentina in late 1864, Paraguay came to its aid and attacked Brazil. Ironically, Uruguay, then under a different president, switched sides and fought against its former ally. By the time the war was over, hundreds of thousands had died and Paraguay was in ruins. It would take decades for the nation to recover. 6. The War of the Pacific (1879–1884) In 1879, Chile and Bolivia went to war after spending decades bickering over a border dispute. Peru, which had a military alliance with Bolivia, was drawn into the war as well. After a series of major battles at sea and on land, the Chileans were victorious. By 1881 the Chilean army had captured Lima and by 1884 Bolivia signed a truce. As a result of the war, Chile gained the disputed coastal province once and for all, leaving Bolivia landlocked, and also gained the province of Arica from Peru. The Peruvian and Bolivian nations were devastated, needing years to recover. 7.  The Construction of the Panama Canal (1881–1893, 1904–1914) The completion of the  Panama Canal  by Americans in 1914 marked the end of a remarkable and ambitious feat of engineering. The results have been felt ever since, as the canal has drastically changed worldwide shipping. Less known are the political consequences of the canal, including the  secession  of Panama from Colombia (with the encouragement of the United States) and the profound effect the canal has had on the internal reality of Panama ever since. 8.  The Mexican Revolution (1911–1920) A revolution of impoverished peasants against an entrenched wealthy class, the Mexican Revolution shook the world and forever altered the trajectory of Mexican politics. It was a bloody war, which included horrific battles,  massacres, and assassinations. The  Mexican Revolution  officially ended in 1920 when Alvaro Obregà ³n became the last general standing after years of conflict, although the fighting continued for another decade. As a result of the revolution, land reform finally took place in Mexico, and the PRI (Institutional Revolutionary Party), the political party that rose from the rebellion, stayed in power until the 1990s. 9.  The Cuban Revolution  (1953–1959) When  Fidel Castro, his brother  Raà ºl  and a ragged band of followers  attacked the barracks at Moncada  in 1953, they may not have known they were taking the first step to one of the most significant revolutions of all time. With the promise of economic equality for all, the rebellion grew until 1959, when Cuban President  Fulgencio Batista  fled the country and victorious rebels filled the streets of Havana. Castro established a communist regime, building close ties  with  the Soviet Union, and stubbornly defied every attempt the  United States  could think of to remove him from power. Ever  since  that time, Cuba has either been a festering sore of totalitarianism in an increasingly democratic  world  or a beacon of hope for all anti-imperialists, depending on your point of view. 10. Operation Condor (1975–1983) In the mid-1970s, the governments of the southern cone of  South America- Brazil, Chile, Argentina, Paraguay,  Bolivia, and Uruguay- had several things in common. They were ruled by conservative regimes, either dictators or military juntas, and they had a growing problem with opposition forces and dissidents.  They, therefore,  established Operation Condor, a collaborative effort to round up and kill or otherwise silence their enemies. By the time it ended, thousands were dead or missing and the trust of South Americans in their leaders was forever shattered. Although new facts come out occasionally and some of the worst perpetrators have been brought to justice, there are still many questions about this sinister operation and those behind it. Sources and Further Reading Gilbert, Michael Joseph, Catherine LeGrand, and Ricardo Donato Salvatore. Close Encounters of Empire: Writing the Cultural History of U.S.-Latin American Relations. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press, 1988.LaRosa, Michael and German R. Mejia. An Atlas and Survey of Latin American History, 2nd edition. New York: Routledge, 2018.Moya, Jose C. (ed.) The Oxford Handbook of Latin American History. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.Weber, David J., and Jane M. Rausch. Where Cultures Meet: Frontiers in Latin American History. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman Littlefield, 1994.

Edwin OConnors

Edwin OConnors novel The Last Hurrah illustrates a remarkable view of the difficult and complex life of the Irish-American community of Boston in the 1950s. The story is presented though political context focusing on social and ethnic concerns as well as prejudice and stereotyping. This is a true story of politics, corruption, the rise and success of the Irish immigration, the opposition but most of all it is a story of people.There are a number of important elements that are unique to the Irish community in Boston and also significant to the life of Skeffington. As a descendent of the Irish immigration Frank Skeffington values historical perspective, religion and work ethic. He realizes the struggles of his parents, and is proud of his past we are not all descended from kings he told his nephew. While running his campaign Skeffington experiences strong opposition from James Curley, a forceful and corrupt political force in the community in Boston. Curley demonstrates !a clearly d etermined form of corruption without concern for the ethnic or political history of the Irish immigrant community. Although Curley chooses to display his hatred toward the Irish through politics, his intent is extremely clear, which reveals strong evidence of discrimination displayed not only directly towards immigrants but descendants of those immigrants as well. The major conflicts developed are not just the products of the perceived political situation or corruption, but are also related to common social and religious perspectives indicative of the community Once politics were the only way a man could climb out of the slum. Frank Skeffington, who originated out of the Irish getto, unveils an important lesson, such that, in order to become a powerful adult one must comprehend their past and make determined efforts to challenge complicated issues. By no means could Skeffington change the future direction of hi...

Why markets generally fail to achieve social efficiency Essay

Why markets generally fail to achieve social efficiency - Essay Example On the other hand, if the marginal cost to society exceeds the marginal benefit, then the social efficiency is low in that case. Whereas, when MSC and MSB are equal, it is referred to be at an optimum level (Suneja, pp.147, 2000). It is very difficult to achieve social efficiency and real markets fail to accomplish it because their marginal social costs do not equal the marginal social benefits. There are a number of reasons behind market failure. Externalities: â€Å"A market is not likely to lead to market efficiency if the deeds of the producers or consumers affect people other than themselves† (Sloman & Sutcliffe, pp.430, 2004). Externalities occur when society fails to make adequate compensation for the production of goods and services as well as for the consumption of these products. This is attributable to the ‘spillover effect’ this leads. Since the pricing system does not account for the marginal social costs and benefits that are attached to the compensa tion of these products, externalities exist, which may often lead to market failure. Social cost is the addition of private cost and the externalities. Let us take an example of a chemical industry. If a chemical industry release by products into a river or atmosphere, it is creating negative externalities that